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ObjectiveTo analyze relevant literature on Lianhua Qingwen preparations and clarify the research advances and hot spots in this field， so as to provide references for clinical rational application and further research. MethodLiterature related to Lianhua Qingwen preparations in the recent 10 years was retrieved from six databases， including China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， PubMed， and Web of Science， followed by management and analysis by NoteExpress and CiteSpace. ResultFinally， 344 and 76 Chinese and English research articles were included， and the number of publications increased in recent years. The research articles were published in 162 Chinese and 48 English journals. Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. and Guangzhou Medical University were institutions with the largest number of Chinese and English publications， respectively. LIU Minyan was the author who had published the most articles. Keywords with high frequency included clinical efficacy， Lianhua Qingwen， inflammatory factors， traditional Chinese medicine， and coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19）. Nineteen clusters， including clinical efficacy， Chinese medicine， Lianhua Qingwen， COVID-19， and influenza A virus， and 47 emergent keywords， including herpes zoster， pneumonia， inflammatory factors， influenza， and gut microbiota， were generated. ConclusionCooperation and exchanges in this field are insufficient. Research focuses on the clinical efficacy of Lianhua Qingwen in the treatment of COVID-19 and other diseases， pharmacological action and mechanism of antiviral drugs， and micro-mechanism research focuses on related pathways and target proteins， as well as the combination of Chinese and western medicines.
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Chronic renal failure （CRF） is generally characterized by micro-inflammatory state， which can aggravate the CRF process in severe cases， leading to the deterioration of renal function， malnutrition， anemia and other complications. Therefore， it is of great significance to improve the micro-inflammatory state of CRF. "Deficiency of Qi and stagnation" is the basic pathogenesis of the micro-inflammatory state of CRF， which runs through the whole process of the disease and affects the formation and outcome of CRF in different forms. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages in improving the micro-inflammatory state and enhancing the immunity of the body due to its advantages of syndrome differentiation and treatment， strengthening the righteousness and eliminating pathogenic factors. Therefore， the author systematically sorted out the relationship between micro-inflammatory state and CRF， understanding of micro-inflammatory state of CRF and its prevention and treatment of TCM by referring to relevant literature， based on the theory of "deficiency of Qi and stagnation"， and proposed that spleen and kidney failure （deficiency of Qi） is the origin of micro-inflammatory state of CRF， and blood stasis and poisonous evil （stagnation） is the target of its onset. Deficiency of Qi and stagnation adhered to each other， acted as cause and effect， and developed in a spiral manner throughout the development of the disease. TCM has the effects of nourishing the spleen and kidney， removing blood stasis and turbidity. By down-regulating C-reactive protein （CRP）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and other micro-inflammatory indicators， it can eliminate the pathological wastes derived from spleen and kidney deficiency， reduce the micro-inflammatory state， restore the balance of Yin and Yang in the body to achieve the purpose of eliminating pathogens and protecting renal function， providing guidance for the clinical treatment of CRF.
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ObjectiveTo observe the difference in the efficacy of three kinds of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） injections on rat model of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction （TAC）， explore the TCM syndrome of the model based on the theory of correspondence of prescription and syndrome， and reveal the biological basis of prescription-syndrome from the perspective of metabolism. MethodRats were treated with TAC for modeling and were divided into Shenmai injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1）， model group， Danhong injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1）， Shenfu injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1） and trimetazidine group （10 mg·kg-1）， and sham operation group was set up as control. After drug intervention for 15 days， echocardiography， serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and myocardial histopathological staining were performed for each group， so as to compare the efficacy to select the effective injection. Colorimetry was used to detect the serum glucolipid metabolism after the intervention of the effective injection， and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to observe the metabolites and related metabolic pathways in myocardial tissue. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening （FS） in the model group decreased （P<0.01）， while the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVIDd）， left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole （LVIDs） and NT-proBNP level increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， LVEF and FS increased （P<0.01）， LVIDd， LVIDs and NT-proBNP level decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in Danhong injection group， NT-proBNP level in Shenfu injection group decreased （P<0.05）， LVIDd and NT-proBNP level increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in Shenmai injection group， in trimetazidine group， LVEF and FS increased （P<0.01）， while LVIDs and NT-proBNP level decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum glucose， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Danhong injection group and trimetazidine group were adjusted by callbacks （P<0.01， P<0.05）. There were the callback of 9 myocardial metabolites in Danhong injection group， including glycine， serine and threonine metabolism， glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism， glycerol phospholipid metabolism. There were the callback of 10 myocardial metabolites in trimetazidine group， including glycerol phospholipid metabolism. ConclusionThe efficacy of Danhong injection on heart failure model induced by TAC is significant and superior to Shenfu injection and Shenmai injection， suggesting that the model is closely related to heart-blood stasis. The biological mechanism of Danhong injection interfering with the model involves regulating the metabolic disorder of lipid， glucose， amino acid and butyric acid.
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Chronic heart failure is a serious heart disease with dyspnea and limited activity tolerance as the main clinical manifestations. Activation of the inflammatory system can significantly stimulate cardiac fibrosis and remodeling and promote the progression of heart failure， playing a key role in the development of the disease. Studies have confirmed that inflammation is involved in the development of different types of heart failure. "Toxic pathogen theory" is an important basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） to explain the occurrence of diseases. We concluded the similarities between TCM toxic pathogens and inflammation in concept， disease location， etiology， syndrome differentiation， and clinical characteristics. Chronic heart failure is manifested by the toxic pathogens of turbid phlegm， stagnated blood， and accumulated fluid. Heart vessel obstruction is the main pathological factor， and the inflammatory factors produced by necrotic cardiomyocytes are the microscopic manifestations of the obstruction. Therefore， based on the "toxic pathogen theory"， this study aimed to clarify the role of inflammation in the development of chronic heart failure from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Moreover， this paper proposed that the stagnated blood has not been transformed into toxin in the early stage of the disease and thus the products of clearing heat and detoxification should not be used. At the development stage of the disease when the transformation tends to begin， treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation， and detoxifying Chinese medicine should be used in order to achieve the goal of "removing toxin without harming the healthy Qi". At the late stage of heart failure， toxins have been accumulated and detoxifying medicines and therapies should be applied to eliminate the toxic pathogens. This study is expected to lay a foundation for the modern research on the role of inflammation in the development of chronic heart failure with TCM theory and guide the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Chronic heart failure is a serious heart disease with dyspnea and limited activity tolerance as the main clinical manifestations. Activation of the inflammatory system can significantly stimulate cardiac fibrosis and remodeling and promote the progression of heart failure， playing a key role in the development of the disease. Studies have confirmed that inflammation is involved in the development of different types of heart failure. "Toxic pathogen theory" is an important basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） to explain the occurrence of diseases. We concluded the similarities between TCM toxic pathogens and inflammation in concept， disease location， etiology， syndrome differentiation， and clinical characteristics. Chronic heart failure is manifested by the toxic pathogens of turbid phlegm， stagnated blood， and accumulated fluid. Heart vessel obstruction is the main pathological factor， and the inflammatory factors produced by necrotic cardiomyocytes are the microscopic manifestations of the obstruction. Therefore， based on the "toxic pathogen theory"， this study aimed to clarify the role of inflammation in the development of chronic heart failure from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Moreover， this paper proposed that the stagnated blood has not been transformed into toxin in the early stage of the disease and thus the products of clearing heat and detoxification should not be used. At the development stage of the disease when the transformation tends to begin， treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation， and detoxifying Chinese medicine should be used in order to achieve the goal of "removing toxin without harming the healthy Qi". At the late stage of heart failure， toxins have been accumulated and detoxifying medicines and therapies should be applied to eliminate the toxic pathogens. This study is expected to lay a foundation for the modern research on the role of inflammation in the development of chronic heart failure with TCM theory and guide the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Objective To explore the feasibility and effect of 3D modeling and printing technology in constructing bone fracture models and assisting clinical teaching at the department of traumatic orthope-dics. Methods CT scan images of bone fractures were reconstructed by Mimics software. The digital 3D bone fracture models were constructed and the interactive multimedia teaching videos were output. More-over, all bone fracture models were printed by using fusion deposition modeling (FDM). At the end of the teaching course, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the teaching effect. Results The digital models of common bone fractures at the department of traumatic orthopedics were established, and the in-teractive multimedia teaching videos were output. A traumatic orthopedic teaching model with a 1∶1 scale was printed out. The questionnaire survey indicated that the application of 3D modeling and printing tech-nology to build bone fracture model with PPT teaching can obviously improve students' understanding and mastery of relevant theoretical knowledge. They helped students better remember the type of bone fractures and how to choose the correct internal fixation methods. The teaching effect was satisfactory. Conclusions 3D modeling and printing technology was applied to build bone fracture models to assist clinical teaching at the department of traumatic orthopedics. It was found that the printed 3D bone fracture models can stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and improve their learning effect. This method has good application value.
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Objective To explore the impact of four different anesthetic drugs commonly used in animal experi-ments on cardiovascular system in rats.Methods Electrocardiogram ( ECG) and blood pressure were dynamically recor-ded by a BioPac MP150 system after anesthesia.In addition, the blood glucose at different time points and hepatic func-tion, kidney function, cardiac enzymes and electrolytes at the end of the test were collected.Rusults Chloral hydrate caused severe ventricular arrhythmia.Isoflurane had inhibitory effect on the heart rate.Pentobarbital sodium induced a in-crease of ECG P wave.Urethane caused J point elevation of ECG.Blood pressure in the urethane-and pentobarbital sodi-um-treated groups were increased.Chloral hydrate caused CK to be raised, while isoflurane showed the opposite effect on CK and CKMB.Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the pentobarbitol sodium and isoflurane groups were decreased.Creatinine in the chloral hydrate, pentobarbital sodium and isoflurane groups were lower, and the serum sodium and potassium were decreased in the four groups.Conclusions Chloral hydrate has obvious effect on the cardio-vascular system, and is not suitable for animal studies on cardiovascular diseases.Pentobarbital sodium, urethane, isoflu-rane can be chosen for animal studies on cardiovascular diseases.
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Objective To analyze pharmacologic action features of single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver based on literature; To provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.Methods Animal research literature about single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver in CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP from January 2003 to December 2014 was retrieved by computers. The number of single Chinese herbal medicine and the pharmacologic action features of active ingredients (or extracts) were statistically concluded. Results A total of 279 articles were retrieved, including 67 kinds of single Chinese herbal medicine, among which 8 were used to treat AFLD, 45 were used to treat NAFLD, and 14 were used to treat AFLD and NAFLD simultaneously. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for AFLD mainly included reducing lipid, protecting liver, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for NAFLD had the effects of improving insulin resistance additionally.Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of AFLD and NAFLD shows significant efficacy, having the features of multiple pathways and liver damage resistance, which provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.
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Objective To study the angiogenesis-inhibitory mechanism of Kang’ai Fangyi Tablets ( KFT) , a Chinese compound recipe with the action of inhibiting cancer metastasis, for 4T1 breast cancer. Methods BALB/c mice were divided into blank control group, model group, Cytoxan ( CTX, 0.04 g·kg-1·d-1) group, and KFT ( 5.2 g·kg-1·d-1) group. Mice model of 4T1 breast cancer was established. Except that the blank control group and model group were given the saline, the mice in the medication groups were given the corresponding medicine. After medication for 4 weeks, the mice were executed, and then we calculated the mass of tumor, the inhibition rate of tumor mass, and the number of lung metastatic nodules. The number of microvessel and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with the model group, mice tumor mass was decreased ( P<0.05) , the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules was reduced ( P<0.05) , and the number of tumor microvessel and VEGF expression in the isolated tumor mass showed the decreasing trend in KFT group. Conclusion KFT can inhibit 4T1 breast cancer growth and metastasis by reducing the tumor microvessel formation and by affecting the expression of VEGF.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of the recipe of effective components from Yangxin Tongmai Formula (YTF) for myocardial ischemia by observing its effect on angiogenesis. Methods The breeding egges were divided into 6 groups: YT Ⅱ group treated with serum containing the recipe of effective components from YTF, YT Ⅰ group treated with serum containing YTF, SBW group treated with serum containing Shexiang Baoxin Pill, bFGF group treated with serum containing recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor, KX group treated with blank control serum, and blank control group, 25 eggs in each group. The survival rate of chicken embryo, growth shape and vessel count of CAM model in each group were observed after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Results After treatment for 96 hours, the survival rate in b-FGF group and YT II group was higher than that in the other groups. The vasculature growth was rapidly in the medication group after culturing for 72 hours, and more apparent after 96 hours, especially in the b-FGF group and YT-Ⅱ group. The vessel count in b-FGF group, YT-Ⅱ group, YT-Ⅰ group and SBW group was in-creased as compared with that in KX group and blank control group (P < 0. 05), and ranged in the order as follows: b-FGF group > YT-Ⅱ group > YT-Ⅰ group > SBW group > KX group > blank control group. Conclusion YT-Ⅱ has the sim-ilar effect on improving angiogenesis as YT-Ⅰ, SBW and b-FGF, and its effect is better than that of YT-Ⅰ and SBW.
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Objective To research photoelectric facial blood flow volume characteristic of premature coronary heart disease of heart blood stasis syndrome (HBSS) and phlegm syndrome (PS), and its relation with NO and ET. Methods Patients of premature coronary heart disease of HBSS (36 cases) and PS (35 cases) were selected, with 31 health people as control. The parameter of photoelectric facial blood flow volume was detected with GD-3 photoelectric blood stream plethysm (PBSP) of the facial color-diagnosis. NO was determined by nitrate reductase method and ET was determined by RIA. Results Hb, He, Hf, Hb/Tab and Hf/Hb of HBSS decreased obviously compared with the control (P
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0.05), but the index of Hf was significantly lower in heart blood stasis syndrome in CHD group than in healthy control group (P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and blood stasis syndrome (BSS) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ACE gene type in 48 patients of CHD of BSS type, 52 CHD patients of non-BSS type and 54 healthy subjects (control) was determined by PCR assay, also levels of endothelin (ET), angiotensin II (Ag II), and nitric oxide (NO) were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Occurrence of DD genotype and allele genotype of ACE gene was higher in patients of BSS than that in patients of non-BSS and control (P < 0.01). ET/NO level was higher in patients of BSS than that in control (P < 0.01). ET and Ag II levels in patients of BSS were significantly higher than those in patients of non-BSS (P < 0.05) and control (P < 0.01). Levels of ET/NO and Ag II in subjects with DD genotype in various groups were higher than those in subjects with Ag II or ID genotype, the highest level occurred in patients of BSS with DD genotype, when compared with the other two groups, the difference in Ag II was significant (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), when compared with control, the difference in ET/NO was significant (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DD genotype of ACE gene may be the susceptible gene of CHD in patients of BSS type.</p>